We help the world growing since we created.

Docking neza ikeneye kwibanda kumutekano no kwizerwa

Amabati yometseho amabati hamwe na Wuxi chrome yometseho icyuma (nyuma yiswe tinplate niba nta tandukaniro ryihariye) ni ibyuma bisanzwe.Muri 2021, isi yose ikenera tinplate izaba hafi toni miliyoni 16.41 (ibice bya metero bikoreshwa mumyandiko).Bitewe no kunanuka no guhatanira ibindi bikoresho, ikoreshwa rya tinplate mu bihugu no mu turere twateye imbere (nk'Ubuyapani, Koreya y'Epfo, Amerika, Kanada, Umuryango w’ubumwe bw’ibihugu by’Uburayi, n’ibindi) byagabanutse buhoro buhoro, ariko ubwiyongere bw’ibikoreshwa mu bihugu bikiri mu nzira y'amajyambere. yahimbye kandi irenze uku kugabanuka.Kugeza ubu, isi yose ikoreshwa rya tinplate iriyongera ku gipimo cya 2% ku mwaka.Muri 2021, umusaruro wa tinplate ku isi uzaba hafi toni miliyoni 23.Icyakora, kubera ko kwagura ubushobozi bw’umusaruro w’Ubushinwa biteganijwe ko bizarenga izamuka ry’imbere mu gihugu, abantu bafite impungenge ko itandukaniro riri hagati y’ibitangwa n’ibisabwa bizagenda byiyongera.Kugeza ubu, Ubuyapani bukenera tinplate buri mwaka ni toni 900000, hafi kimwe cya kabiri cy’impinga mu 1991.

Ukurikije ibimaze kuvugwa haruguru, ni ngombwa cyane ko Abayapani bakora amabati kugira ngo bakomeze guhangana n’ibicuruzwa byabo (nka polyethylene terephthalate na aluminium) ku isoko ry’imbere mu gihugu.Kugira ngo ibyo bigerweho, bagomba kunoza imikorere y’ibigega no kugabanya ibiciro binyuze mu guhuza vertike binyuze mu bufatanye bwa hafi n’abakora tank.Ku isoko ryo hanze, ni ngombwa kuri bo gukoresha tekinoroji yo mu rwego rwo hejuru yakusanyirijwe hamwe kandi igatezwa imbere ku isoko ry’imbere mu gihugu kugira ngo itandukanye ibicuruzwa byabo n’ibyo bahanganye, kandi bitezimbere guhangana kwabo binyuze mu bufatanye buhagaze n’abakora ibicuruzwa.

Mubyongeyeho, nikel isize urupapuro rushobora gukoreshwa mugukora bateri.Muri uru rwego, ni ngombwa kandi cyane kubabikora gusubiza neza ibyo abakoresha bakeneye.Abayapani bakora tinplate barashobora rwose kuzuza ibisabwa hejuru mugukoresha byimazeyo ikoranabuhanga ryabo murwego rwa tinplate mumyaka.

Uru rupapuro rusubiramo ibiranga isoko ryibikoresho bya kontineri mu gihugu ndetse no hanze y’Ubuyapani, kandi rusobanura ibyifuzo bya tekiniki ibigo bigomba kuba byujuje.

Gukoresha amabati y'ibiryo mu Buyapani ni bike

Mu bihugu byinshi byo mu mahanga, tinplate isanzwe ikoreshwa mu gukora amabati y'ibiryo, amata n'amata y'icupa.Mu Buyapani, gukoresha tinplate mu bikoresho by'ibiribwa ni bike cyane, kandi bikoreshwa cyane cyane mu gukora ibinyobwa.Bitewe no gukoresha amabati ya aluminiyumu, cyane cyane nyuma y’uko Ubuyapani bukuyeho itegeko ry’amacupa mato ya polyethylene terephthalate (500ml cyangwa munsi yayo) mu 1996, amasahani y’amabati muri iki gihugu yakoreshwaga cyane mu gukora ibinyobwa by’ikawa.Nyamara, kubwimpamvu z'umutekano, ibinini byinshi byokunywa ikawa mubuyapani biracyakorwa cyane cyane muri tinplate, kubera ko ibinyobwa byinshi byikawa mubuyapani birimo amata.

Ku bijyanye n'amabati ya aluminium n'amacupa ya polyethylene terephthalate, amarushanwa yabo ku isoko mu bijyanye n'ibinyobwa bya kawa yarushijeho gukomera.Ibinyuranye, inyungu nini yibigega byibyuma numutekano: kugenzura acoustic (uburyo bwo kugenzura iyangirika ryibirimo ukubita munsi yikigega no guhindura umuvuduko wimbere ukoresheje amajwi) birakoreshwa gusa mubigega byibyuma, ntabwo ari tanki ya aluminium.Imbaraga za tanki zicyuma zirashobora gukomeza umuvuduko wimbere kuruta umuvuduko wumwuka.Ariko, niba abakora ibyuma bakomeje kwishingikiriza gusa kuriyi nyungu nini, amaherezo ibyuma bizasimburwa.Niyo mpamvu, birakenewe ko abakora ibyuma batezimbere ubwoko bushya bwibyuma bifite ibyiza biruta amabati ya aluminiyumu, ifite ibiranga gukurura abakoresha kandi irashobora kugarura isoko ryigaruriwe nuducupa twa polyethylene terephthalate hamwe na bombo ya aluminium.

Gutezimbere amabati y'ibinyobwa nibikoresho byabo

Isubiramo rigufi ryamateka yibinyobwa nibikoresho byabo.Mu 1961, iterambere ryagenze neza rya TFS (urupapuro rwerekana ibyuma bya chromium) hamwe na firime ya chromium yicyuma hamwe na firime ya chromium oxyde hydrated byabaye ibintu byishimishije cyane mubijyanye n’ibinyobwa bishobora gukora ibikoresho mu Buyapani.Mbere yibyo, nubwo tinplate yari ishingiro ryinganda zubuyapani n’ikoranabuhanga rya kontineri, tekinoloji zose zijyanye nazo zakozwe neza n’ibihugu by’iburengerazuba.Nkibikoresho byingenzi byingenzi, TFS yatejwe imbere n’Ubuyapani, kandi ibicuruzwa byayo nuburyo bwo gukora byoherezwa mu bihugu by’iburengerazuba.Iterambere rya TFS ryazirikanye igabanuka ryumutungo wamabati kwisi yose, watumye TFS izwi cyane muricyo gihe.Amabati ya resin ahujwe no gupakira imbeho yatunganijwe hamwe nibikoresho bya TFS yagabanije kugurisha amabati ya DI hamwe nimpapuro za aluminiyumu yakuwe muri Amerika yatumijwe n’Ubuyapani icyo gihe.Amabati yicyuma yiganjemo ibinyobwa byabayapani birashobora kwisoko.Kuva icyo gihe, “Super WIMA Method” yakozwe na Soudronic AG yo mu Busuwisi yatumye abakora ibyuma by’Ubuyapani bahatanira guteza imbere ibikoresho byo gusudira.

Iterambere rya TFS ryerekanye ko guhanga tekinike bigomba gushyigikirwa nibisabwa ku isoko n'ubushobozi bwa tekiniki.Kugeza ubu, nta terabwoba rikomeye ryakozwe n’Abayapani bakora amabati kuruta kugabanuka kwamabati."Umutekano no kwiringirwa" bigomba kuba impungenge z'igihe kirekire.Ku bijyanye n'ibiribwa n'ibinyobwa, ibihugu bifite uburyo butandukanye bwo kuvura bispenol A (BPA, ihungabanya ibidukikije endocrine), mu gihe ibihugu bimwe na bimwe bitabyitaho na gato.Kugeza ubu, ingamba z’Ubuyapani ku “mutekano no kwiringirwa” ntiri kure bihagije.Inshingano yinganda zikora inganda ninganda zibyuma nugutanga ibidukikije bitangiza ibidukikije, umutungo ningufu zibika ibikoresho nibikoresho bya kontineri.

Birashobora kugaragara mumateka yiterambere rya tinplate ko hari isano ya hafi hagati yiterambere ryibikono bishya nibikoresho bishya.Ku bijyanye n'ikoranabuhanga, inzoga z'Abayapani zageze ku rwego rw'isi, ibyo bikaba bihagije mu gushyigikira inganda z'ibyuma z'Ubuyapani gukomeza guteza imbere ibikoresho n'ibikorwa bishya, no kuziteza imbere ku isi binyuze mu bufatanye bwa hafi n'ibindi bihugu.

Ibikoresho byo kubika isi yose biranga isoko

Isoko ryibikoresho byo gufata ku isi bifite ibintu bikurikira: icya mbere, icyifuzo cyibikoresho byibyuma biriyongera;icya kabiri, amabati y'ibiryo afite umwanya munini w'isoko;icya gatatu, gutanga ibikoresho bya kontineri birenze urugero (cyane cyane mubushinwa);kane, abakora tinplate kwisi bahatana murwego rwibiciro nubwiza.

Iterambere ryihuse ryubushobozi bwo gutanga ibikoresho byogeza isi yose mubushinwa.Amakuru afatika yerekana ko kuva 2017 kugeza 2021, Ubushinwa bushobora gukora ibikoresho byo gukora tanki bwiyongereyeho toni zigera kuri miliyoni 4.Nyamara, hafi 90% ya tinplates yo murwego rwohejuru kandi yo hasi ikozwe mubyiciro byubucuruzi bikonje bikonje.Ukurikije ibisobanuro biri muri JIS (Uruganda rw’inganda mu Buyapani) hamwe n’ibindi bipimo bizwi ku rwego mpuzamahanga, ibihugu byateye imbere bikora tinplate mu byuma bya MR, D cyangwa L (ukurikije JIS G 3303) mu kugenzura neza ibyuma, hanyuma ugahindura ibiri mu bitari ubutare. ibiyikubiyemo ukurikije imikoreshereze yanyuma, kandi ugenzure neza inzira mugihe cyo gushyuha, gukonjesha, gukonjesha no guhindagurika, kugirango ubone imikorere isabwa ya tinplate substrate.Ibyo ari byo byose, tinplate yo mu rwego rwo hasi ifata umugabane runaka ku isoko.

Ni iki ababikora bagomba gukora mu gihe kizaza?

Urwego rwa tekinike yUbuyapani mubijyanye no gukonjesha no gukora ibyuma bikoreshwa mu bikoresho bizwi nkurwego rwisi.Nyamara, tekinoroji yagaragaye ko ikora neza mubuyapani ntishobora gukwirakwira mubindi bihugu, aribyo biranga isoko.Igihe isi yose yahindutse ijambo rikoreshwa cyane mubuyapani, nubwo uruganda rukora ibyuma byabayapani rwakoze isi yose mubikorwa byinganda (hashingiwe ku kigo cy’ikoranabuhanga cy’Ubuyapani, uruganda rukora amabati rwubatswe mu mahanga), nyuma y’ikoranabuhanga rya TFS ryasangiwe n’abafatanyabikorwa mu mahanga imyaka 50 kera, kwagura ubufatanye bwa tekiniki bwambukiranya imipaka byahagaritswe igihe kirekire.Kugirango hagaragazwe umwanya wacyo ku isoko, inganda zibyuma zUbuyapani zigomba kwisi yose ikoranabuhanga ritezimbere kandi riteza imbere mubushinwa.

Turashobora kwigira ku iterambere ry’Ubuyapani mu bijyanye n’ikoranabuhanga muri uru rwego ko iterambere ry’ikoranabuhanga rikomoka ku mubano wa hafi hagati y’abakora ibyuma na kanseri.Iyo ibicuruzwa bya tinplate bigurishijwe kubakoresha mu mahanga, intego yabakoresha ni iyo gukora ibicuruzwa gusa, aho gutanga tinplate ihamye.Mugihe kizaza, kubayapani bakora tinplate, nibyingenzi kwerekana ibyiza byibicuruzwa byabo uhagaritse guhuza ubushobozi bwubwishingizi bwabapakira na kanseri.

—— Kugabanya ikiguzi cy'amabati.

Kanseri igomba guhangayikishwa cyane nigiciro cyo gukora, niyo shingiro ryo guhangana kwabo.Nyamara, guhatanira ibiciro ntibigomba guterwa nigiciro cyibyuma gusa, ahubwo binashingira kumusaruro, uburyo bwo kubika no kugiciro.

Guhindura icyiciro cya annealing kumurongo uhoraho ni uburyo bwo kugabanya ibiciro.Nippon Iron yateje imbere isahani yamabati ikomeza gusimbuza ubwoko bwinzogera yometseho amabati, kandi isaba ibikoresho bishya kubabikora.Mbere yo koherezwa mu ruganda, igipimo cyo kwangwa kumpapuro zicyuma zidafatika ni gito, kandi ubwiza bwibicuruzwa bya buri giceri cyicyuma burahagaze neza, kugirango abakiriya babone uburyo bunoze bwo gutunganya, kugabanya kunanirwa kwumusaruro, no kugera kubintu byunguka.Kugeza ubu, ibicuruzwa biva mu bwoko bwa tinplate bikomeje gufata ibyemezo byinshi byo gukora ibyuma byabayapani.

Fata ibiryo bitatu bishobora umubiri nkurugero.Mubihe byashize, ibicuruzwa bimaze gukonja (SR) bifite umubyimba wa 0,20mm ~ 0,25mm byakoreshwaga cyane.Nippon Iron irasaba kuyisimbuza igicuruzwa gikomeye cya kabiri gikonje (DR) gifite umubyimba wa mm 0,20 cyangwa munsi yayo.Hamwe nubu buryo, ikoreshwa ryibikoresho bigabanuka kubera itandukaniro ryubunini, kandi igiciro kigabanuka uko bikwiye.Nkuko byavuzwe haruguru, imiterere yimiti yimpapuro zometseho amabati iragenzurwa cyane, kandi ubunini bwayo buri hafi yumupaka wo hasi wibyuma bikonje bikonje, bityo ubukonje bwa kabiri burashobora kugabanya neza ubunini bwibicuruzwa.

Nuburyo bwa kabiri bwo gukonjesha bukonje bwakoreshejwe, ubunini bwicyuma fatizo bwongeye kugabanuka kumashanyarazi nyuma yo gufatana, bityo iyo kurambura kugabanuka, imbaraga zibintu ziriyongera.Mugihe cyo gukora uburyo bwo gukora, ibi akenshi biganisha kumeneka ya flange hafi yingingo zasuditswe, cyangwa guhindagurika mugihe cyo gukora urufunguzo rushobora gupfuka cyangwa ibice bibiri.Hashingiwe ku bunararibonye bwabanjirije iki, Isosiyete y’Ubuyapani y’icyuma yakemuye ibibazo byavuzwe haruguru ikoresheje tinplate yoroheje ya kabiri ikonje, kandi iha buri mukoresha ibikoresho bibereye ubwoko butandukanye bwibikoni nuburyo bwo gukora, kugirango bigabanye ikiguzi cya kanseri.

Imbaraga zibyo kurya zirashobora ahanini guterwa nimiterere nimbaraga zumubiri.Mu rwego rwo kumenyekanisha ibikoresho byujuje ibisabwa kandi birashobora gukoreshwa, Nippon Iron yakoze "uruganda rushobora gukora uruganda" - sisitemu yo kwigana ishobora gusuzuma imbaraga z’ibikomoka ku biryo ukurikije ihinduka ry’ibikoresho kandi bishobora gushushanya.

—— Wibande kuri “umutekano no kwiringirwa”.

Kubera ko isahani y'amabati ikoreshwa mu gukora ibiryo n'ibinyobwa, abakora ibyuma bafite inshingano zo gutanga ibikoresho byizewe kandi byizewe kubakoresha mu gihugu ndetse no hanze yarwo.Isahani yicyuma idafite bispenol A ni ibintu nkibyo.Ubuyapani Iron & Steel Co., Ltd buri gihe bwita ku mabwiriza yo kurengera ibidukikije ku isi, kandi yiyemeje gukomeza kuba ku isonga mu bihugu bikora ku isi ibikoresho by’ibikoresho byizewe kandi byizewe binyuze mu guteza imbere no gutanga impapuro zangiza ibidukikije.

Ibiranga isoko nibisabwa ibyifuzo bya nikel isize urupapuro

Byaba ibyahise, ibyubu cyangwa ibizaza, ikigega cyicyuma nubwoko bwiza bwa kontineri.Ni ngombwa cyane ko ababikora bakorana cyane nabakoresha, bagafatanya gukurikirana ingufu nubutunzi inyungu zubukungu, no guteza imbere no gutanga ibikoresho bitangiza ibidukikije.Hano hari abakora impapuro nyinshi zibyuma bikoreshwa mumashanyarazi kwisi yose bashishikajwe no kwagura ubushobozi bwabo (cyane cyane mubihugu bikiri mu nzira y'amajyambere).

Urupapuro rw'icyuma rwa Nickel nubundi bwoko bwibikoresho byakorewe mu Buyapani.Igikonoshwa cya bateri yibanze (nka bateri yumye ya alkaline) na bateri ya kabiri (nka bateri ya lithium, bateri ya hydride ya nikel na bateri ya nikel cadmium) ikozwe mubyuma byanditseho nikel.Igipimo rusange cyisoko ryisi yose kumpapuro zicyuma cya nikel ni toni zigera kuri 250000 / mwaka, muribwo ibyapa byabigenewe bingana na kimwe cya kabiri.Isahani yabugenewe ifite igifuniko kimwe kandi ikoreshwa cyane mubuyapani no mubihugu byuburengerazuba kugirango ikore bateri zibanze na batteri ya kabiri ya capacitance.

Igipimo cyisoko ryicyuma gipanze nikel ni gito cyane ugereranije nicyuma gikozwe mumabati, kandi umubare wabatanga ni muto.Abatanga isoko nyamukuru ku isi ni Tata Ubuhinde (bingana na 40% by'umugabane ku isoko), Toyo Steel Co., Ltd yo mu Buyapani (bingana na 30%) na Japan Iron (hafi 10%).

Hariho ubwoko bubiri bwurupapuro rwitiriwe nikel: urupapuro rwometseho nikel hamwe nurupapuro rwo gukwirakwiza ubushyuhe hamwe nikel ya nikel ikwirakwizwa mubyuma nyuma yo gushyushya.Nkuko nta bundi buryo bwo kuvura busabwa usibye isahani ya nikel hamwe no gushyushya ikwirakwizwa, biragoye ko abayikora batandukanya ibicuruzwa byabo nabandi bahanganye.Nkuko ibipimo byo hanze bya bateri bisanzwe, abakora bateri barushanwa hagati yimikorere ya bateri (bitewe nubushobozi bwimbere), bivuze ko isoko ikeneye ibyuma byoroshye.Kugirango twongere imigabane yisoko kandi dutezimbere iterambere ryinganda za batiri, gukora ibyuma byabayapani bigomba guhuza nibyifuzo byabakora bateri kandi bigakina ibyiza byayo muburyo bwo guhuza ibikorwa.

Icyifuzo cya nikel cyometseho ibyuma kumasoko ya bateri usibye inganda zimodoka ziragenda ziyongera.Inganda zo mu Buyapani zikora ibyuma zihura n’amahirwe meza yo kuyobora isoko mu gusubiza neza ibikenewe n’abakora bateri.Mu myaka mike ishize, tekinoroji yo kugabanya umubyimba yakusanyirijwe mu cyuma cy’Ubuyapani mu bijyanye n’inganda zikora amabati izuzuza neza isoko ry’icyuma cya nikel gikozwe mu cyuma cya batiri.Igikonoshwa cyimodoka ya batiri yimodoka ikozwe cyane cyane muri aluminium cyangwa aluminium foil laminate na firime ya plastike.

Ku bakora ibyuma, ni ngombwa cyane gufata ingamba zifatika zo gukora ubushakashatsi no guteza imbere ibyuma.


Igihe cyo kohereza: Ukuboza-01-2022